Cephalanthus occidentalis

Rubiaceae

Coastal Plain, Mountain, Piedmont

Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia

Medium Shrub

6 - 12ft

12 - 20ft

White, Yellow

; Brown, Green

Full Sun, Partial Sun, Shade

Clay, Loamy, Sandy

Flooded, Moist, Wet

July - August

yellow-green

fresh tidal and nontidal marshes, shrub swamps, forested wetlands, borders of streams, lakes, and ponds

needs sun to flower; flowers fragrant; interesting fruit; tolerates drought; leaves may persist into winter; tolerates flooding to 36"; Excellent source of nectar; deer browse the foliage and ducks, especially the Mallard, eat the fruit heads and seeds